National construction is an important political science category, including the construction of regimes, political systems and other aspects surrounding the governance of Babaylan 1990 clothes draw, as well as the construction of national identity with loyalty as the core. National identity construction is an important project in the construction of a multi-ethnic country. Its main task is to cultivate the people’s recognition of the country and shape the people’s loyalty to the country. From the perspective of national identity construction, the Chinese nation is a political symbol with profound connotation, as it is sung in the national anthem: When the Chinese nation is at its most dangerous time, everyone is forced to make the last roar… This is an important part of national identity construction, that is, the shaping and promoting the people’s sense of loyalty to the country. Amid the national anthem, the “Chinese nation” has become the object of Chinese identity.
“Forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation” is an important task in the construction of the country in the new era. To complete this task, we need to deepen our understanding of the Chinese nation. On the issue of the relationship between the nation and the country, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “History tells us that everyone’s future and destiny are closely linked to the future and destiny of the country and the nation. Only when the country is good and the nation is good will everyone be good.” Looking at the world today, it is mainly a competition of comprehensive national strength based on sovereign states. Any nation has its own national ownership, and all nations share the destiny with their country. In terms of the relationship between nations and states, the state is the common palace of all nations, and national sovereignty is the roof of the palace. In the important meaning of the country embracing the nation, British politician Eric Hobsbawm said vividly: “A nation separates from the entity of the country, it will immediately become crooked like a mollusc being pulled out of its hard shell, and it will immediately become crooked and skewed. “
Based on the cognition of the Chinese nation in the new era, from visiting the “Road to Revival” exhibition on November 29, 2012 to delivering the 19th National Congress report on October 18, 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping has published reports on nearly 30 different occasions on nearly 30 different occasions.Speech by the Chinese nation. These speeches have their own emphasis, but they all revolve around the Chinese nation. Looking back at General Secretary Xi Jinping’s many speeches on the Chinese nation, the core ideas are in line with each other, that is: the country is given priority, the country is given priority; the motherland is given priority, national consciousness is given priority, and the motherland view is given priority; patriotism is the core of the spirit of the Chinese nation.
Academically speaking, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of discourses on the Chinese nation have profound connotations:
Highlighting the human factor-the Chinese nation is the one who grasps its own destiny. Mark Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawMinistry advocates the realization of all-round development of people, and believes that the people are the creators of history. Relying on the people and for the people is the practice and embodiment of Marxist theory of human development and the popular historical view. One of the core goals of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s discourse on the development of the Chinese nation is to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Whether it is a review of history, looking at the present, or looking forward to the future, an important perception is that the Chinese nation must firmly grasp its own destiny, inspire the national spirit, and rely on itself to develop itself.
Highlighting the function of the country – patriotism. The development of the Chinese nation is based on its own country, and the state provides national protection strength. For this reason, patriotism has become particularly critical. The traditional patriotic sentiment is linked to the current political stability, national unity, and territorial integrity of the country’s construction tasks, which are specifically manifested as identification with the great motherland, identification with the Chinese nation, identification with Chinese culture, identification with the Communist Party of China, and identification with the socialist path with Chinese characteristics. The state is a complex of historical, people, culture, power, system and other elements.
Highlight the statutes on nationalism—Love peaceCinema 1950 witch cloth draw. Now Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawInternational politics and international relations are inseparable from the topic of nationalism. In today’s increasingly globalized world, China’s connection with the world has become unprecedentedly close, and it has to face the voice of “China threat theory” that appears from time to time. To this end, China is highly vigilant about nationalism and its influence. China opposes narrow nationalism and declares that it will never seek hegemony or expand. Although famous Western scholars like Huntington and Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw are often considered high in China’s nationalism, in fact, they often equate nationalism with patriotism. China has a different political and moral system from the West. China’s patriotism can only be transformed into a power of nationalism when it resists foreign aggression.
The concept of the Chinese nation has typical Chinese characteristics. It is not a cold nationalist discourse, but contains the Chinese people’s self-reliance, strong patriotic feelings and love for peace.
The community of shared future in history. The Chinese nation is a community of people with characteristics of inheritance and transformation. That is, although the Chinese nation as a political concept was formed in modern times, as a community of people, its caste reproduction, cultural inheritance, psychological structure, traditional customs, aesthetic values, etc. are all inherited from a long and profound history, and they transfer common historical memory and interpersonal and intergroup relationships with shared destiny into modern national construction. The historical inheritance of the Chinese nation determines that it is a community with a shared future in history, and the choice of destiny takes place in the long river of historical development.
Chinese civilization and Chinese culture provide internal support and spiritual motivation for the development of the Chinese nation. On July 1, 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the conference celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China: The excellent traditional Chinese culture nurtured in the development of civilization over 5,000 years, the revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture nurtured in the great struggle between the Party and the people, accumulate the deepest spiritual pursuits of the Chinese nation, representing the unique spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation. British historian Toynbee believes that from the perspective of Babaylan 1990 cloth draw, the Chinese have completely protected a super civilization and lived in the stable order of a civilized empire for a long time. At the same time, in its long history, the Chinese people have maintained the precious worldism spirit of human society, and Chinese culture is exactly the farthest from narrow nationalism. This answers that the inner bond of the Chinese nation community lies in Chinese civilization and Chinese culture, and the origin of Chinese civilization and Chinese culture is the sameIts growth and inclusiveness have also nourished the formation and development of the Chinese nation community. At the same time, identifying with Chinese civilization and Chinese culture is of great significance to the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Patriotism and peace-loving are the spiritual genes that deeply root the history of the Chinese nation. Patriotism is the core of the spirit of the Chinese nation. It allows the Chinese nation to preserve its homeland and demonstrate the power of nationalism when resisting foreign invasions. At the same time, history shows that while practicing patriotic traditions, the Chinese nation cherishes peace. In the eyes of many Western scholars, China’s nationalism is hot. But in fact, China’s nationalism as a whole is implicit, or moderate nationalism as Michael Ignadev, a former leader of the Canadian Liberal Party, said (emphasizing patriotism, national unity, and willingness to sacrifice himself for the nation). China’s nationalism does not aim at external colonization and aggression. On the contrary, China’s nationalism emerged from the suffering of being invaded by the great powers in modern times, and is inherently characterized by group self-rescue and self-improvement. Patriotism is people’s emotions about the homeland they live in, and existed before nationalism emerged. China’s patriotism also appeared before the emergence of modern Chinese nationalism. China’s political and cultural traditions and the special environment in which China’s modern nation-state construction began determine that China’s nationalism and the concept of the Chinese nation are closely linked to patriotism. Just as American diplomatic relations historian M.H. Hunter said: Nationalism, a term that usually describes the process of cultural integration and state-building in modern times, may not be well applied to the Chinese case. “Patriotism” rather than “nationalism” is a more appropriate concept used to describe and explain the special character of the Chinese in seeking national identity.
The history of the Chinese nation is the history of unity among all ethnic groups. The beginning of the preamble to our Constitution is: “China is one of the oldest countries in the world. The people of all ethnic groups in China have jointly created a brilliant culture and a glorious revolutionary tradition.” The Communist Party of China recognizes the nation and solves ethnic problems, in addition to the Marxist national theory, also based on the historical contributions of all ethnic groups. The “diversity and integration” pattern of the Chinese nation is the result of historical development and an important historical asset for the construction of a multi-ethnic country. The Chinese nation is a historical community, and all ethnic groups have participated in the construction of the community. The existence of a community depends on the consciousness of common belonging and the confirmation of interdependence, through which the situation of interdependence is presented.
The Chinese people have common cultural roots and ancestral home identity. Without emphasizing the historical inheritance of the Chinese nation community, it is difficult to explain the love of overseas ChineseNational sentiment and Chinese identity. The formation of overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese groups is itself the result of some members leaving the motherland, living in a foreign land and taking root in the process of the development of the Chinese nation. From the perspective of ethnic origin identity, overseas Chinese are also members of the Chinese nation’s big family.
The historical inheritance of the Chinese nation community originates from the nourishment of Chinese culture and Chinese civilization, is concentrated in patriotism and the call to guard peace, and is benefited from the unity of mutual assistance and harmony among all ethnic groups.
The “home model” that inclusive opening and closing The Chinese nation is a community of people with opening and closing characteristics. The characteristics of opening and closing refer to the fact that the Chinese nation is open and inclusive in the face of internal cultural differences and ethnic differences, open and inclusive in the face of overseas Chinese, and close in the comparison of boundaries between non-Chinese identity groups in other countries. The opening and closing characteristics of the Chinese nation community determine that it is a concentric community with the center of the circle in the land of China.
Chinese culture has the connotation of “helping the world with both sides”, and Chinese people are always willing to advance on the road and achieve happiness with the people in the world. Is there any way to make the people in the world enter the great way and enjoy the benefits together? Chinese people will always accept it happily.
The Chinese nation embraces all ethnic groups with the “big family” model. As a tradition of governance and integration, “the world is one,” “the Chinese and foreigners are oneBabaylan 1990 clothes draw” “the four seas are one” are important propositions of kings in all dynasties in Chinese feudal society, and they run through almost all dynasties. By the time of the promulgation of the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China, it also required that “the five major ethnic groups love each other and be like brothers and brothers.” After the establishment of the socialist system, all ethnic groups have equal political and social status, the sense of ownership of national members of all ethnic groups has been continuously strengthened, and the inner unity of the Chinese nation has been continuously strengthened. In September 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Ethnic Work Conference that the relationship between the Chinese nation and various ethnic groups is the relationship between a big family and family members; the relationship between various ethnic groups is the relationship between different members in a big family.
The Chinese nation tolerate compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait with a “one-one family” model. When General Secretary Xi Jinping met with Chinese Kuomintang honorary chairman Lien Chan in February 2014 and met with People First Party Chairman Song Chuyu in May, he emphasized the concept of “one family on both sides of the Taiwan Strait”. From the perspective of historical development trend, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are dividedThe community with a shared future that is endlessly abandoned, both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to the economic circle of the Chinese nation and the cultural circle of the Chinese nation. Abandoning political rifts, enhancing the welfare and family affection of our compatriots, and firmly grasping the destiny of the nation in our own hands. Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw is the common wish of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Cherishing unification is a respect for the history of the Chinese nation and a defense of the future of the Chinese nation community.
The Chinese nation embraces Chinese and overseas Chinese with the “roots” model. On June 6, 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping said when meeting with representatives of the 7th World Overseas Chinese Society Association: There are tens of millions of overseas Chinese compatriots around the world, and they are all members of the Chinese family. The era of globalization is an era where the transnational flow of information, resources, people, and other factors is constantly strengthened, and it is an era where diversified transnational cooperation is constantly strengthened. Under such a background, overseas Chinese people can better walk between the land of China and the country of residence, better participate in the great cause of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and participate in the great cause of building a community with a shared future for mankind.
The “family model” of the Chinese nation means: a family does not speak two families, and it is easy to discuss the affairs of the family. The “family model” presents the inclusiveness of the Chinese nation community: all ethnic groups in China are one family; the Chinese under different systems on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are all flesh and blood of compatriots; Chinese and overseas Chinese all over the world are all Chinese children. The Chinese nation not only includes people with nationality from the People’s Republic of China, but also Chinese in Taiwan, and overseas Chinese whose ancestral home is China. It is a group concept based on history, culture, blood ties and other identity. The openness and closing nature of this concept is manifested as: internally, it can specifically refer to the collective of nationals with Chinese nationality, that is, the Chinese nation in the political sense. Externally, it uses historical, cultural and blood ties as a bond, and can refer to all Chinese people (ethnic Chinese).
Multi-ethnicity is the basic national condition of our country, and this basic national condition determines that the Chinese nation is a multi-dimensional community. The Chinese nation is a cultural community, which embraces different national cultures and regional cultures; the Chinese nation is a political community, which uses political identity as a bond; the Chinese nation is Komiks 1960 witchh urban drawA community of interests, which emphasizes mutual concern for internal and external members, win-win and mutual benefit; the Chinese nation is a community of shared future, with a long history of development and the future it grasps. The Chinese nation is not a simple nationalist symbol. We emphasize that the use of patriotism and nationalism has a specific context of use (such as the Chinese nation getting rid of colonial oppression and gaining national independence, etc.). Today, with the increasingly prominent globalization and the increasingly profound linkage between domestic and international politics, the nationalist knowledge system still has a huge impact. At the same time, in an era of sovereign states, the discussion on national construction cannot be separated from nationalist discourse. The Chinese nation has its own meaning and its own characteristics. China’s multi-ethnic state construction model is also different from the Western nation-state construction model. In short, Western nationalist discourse and nation-state construction model are just local knowledge with huge influence.
(The author is a professor at the Central University for Nationalities)
Source: China National Daily