Lingnan’s “Grey Batch Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
In Shawan Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, there is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village”, Sanshan Village. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village of Komiks is also the only “Lu Ban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
When Komiks, 70% or 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient buildings repair craftsmen, involving many types of ancient building plasterers, gray plastic, brick carvings, carpenters, murals and other jobs. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by making a good craftsmanship.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman village have? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
Komiks There is an ancient story: There are Sanshan Craftsmen wherever the waterway reaches.
Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from Shunde, and there are many farmlands and ponds in the village. It is a typical Lingnan water town. The “three goodnesses” in Sanshan Village refer to Cinema‘s “goodness, virtue and blessing”, which embodies the beautiful wishes of the ancestors Babaylan.
”Before 1949, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient building craftsmen. At that time, women farmed at home and took children, while males took boats to work in mud and water along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65 years old this year, is from Zini Village, Shawan, and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although they are two villages, they are as close as the same village.”
Huang Qunqing also came from a family of craftsmen and dealt with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient building construction and decoration, civil engineering, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father Cinema to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House.
When talking about the wandering life of craftsmen, Li Guangyong, a villager engaged in mural restoration, told reporters: “My father, Li Jieming, is also a muralist, who works in murals.The painting has been painted and restored for more than 40 years, and has traveled throughout the Pearl River Delta region, and it is all about boats traveling. Without convenient waterways, there would be no more famous craftsmen in Sanshan Village. ”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray-sculpted work Picture/Li Bo
Li Guangyong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zi Ni River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to and where the passenger ship arrives, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village. ”
It is understood that the places where craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to include Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guangyong’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, craftsmen leave their homes and return to the construction site. The mid-year festival is celebrated. The craftsmen who go out may not come back, but Babaylan is the “Master’s Day” (the thirteenth day of the sixth lunar calendar every year), they will definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, and ask each other hard questions. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>BabaylanOkay, visit the “ancestor” Lu Ban.
Architectural: The Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-type firewall
Recently, the reporter visited the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group with ancient construction experts and villagers. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Cinema. The ancient temple group is located in Fuchun Road, Sanshan Village. The building covers an area of 557.7 square meters, with a magnificent appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by Aoshan, which is surrounded by green Aoshan, and is a square and a Fengshui pond in front of the temple. The ancient temple group is arranged from north to south: Shennong Ancient Temple, Xianshi Ancient Temple, Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baoen Temple, and Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called the “Ancient Temple Group”.
Aoshan Ancient Temple Group located in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
Ancient architecture experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District. The architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as a historical and cultural protection zone controlled by Guangzhou City; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Building” and announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangzhou City.
Experts said that the uniqueness of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group lies in the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use a wok-ear-house-style fire wall, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-style fire wall, which is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herry-shaped volcanic gable wall, grayKomiksSoft Bo Ancient Ridge Picture/Li Bo
It is said that except for Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Pan Clan Ancestral Hall in Shixiang Village, Shixiang Town, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng District, it is difficult to find traces of saddle-style volcanic walls in Guangdong Province.
Craftsmen: BabaylanChen Family Ancestral Gray Sculptures and Wood Carvings were all from the hands of Sanshan craftsmen
Liang Mou, a folk culture researcher in Panyu District, introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, many folk craftsmen had gathered in Sanshan Village. “In the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace was built, and the court went to various places to select skilled craftsmen. Only after passing the assessment could they participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village were selected to participate.”
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen have also produced the history of Sanshan Village. The most representative figures are Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng is the “top scholar of the gray batch” in Lingnan, Lao Cuixi is the “master of murals”. Many of the murals of the Chen Family Ancestral Ancestral Sculptures and Lingnan buildings around Panyu are from the hands of the two of them. In addition, many exquisite wood carvings in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the most famous ancestral hall in Guangzhou, are also masterpieces of the Sanshan craftsmen back then.
Lao Yaochun, an 81-year-old villager in Sanshan, was once an ancient building construction technician. He worked as a deputy manager at Shawan Construction Company. He also has another identity – the grandchild of Lao Cuixi.
”KomiksMy brother Lao Zhuoqian and grandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists, and many murals in the Nanfanshun area are from them.” Usually, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple complex of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may be able to see grandpa andBrother’s mural works. ”
Speaking of another Lingnan gray sculpture master Jin Yaosheng from Sanshan Village, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. “The gray sculpture works of Chen Jiaci were made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman. “In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray-sculpted work “Three Heroes of Fengchen” is still placed under the front eaves of Luban Temple. It is like the landscape of the southern country, and the cultural quality is refreshing.
It is understood that as the Chen family ancestral hall of the 72 counties in the province – the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the entire project gathers the famous craftsmen and craftsmen from the province. Among them, BabaylanCinemaGrey plastic decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “Grey Chronicle” at that time. It was these top craftsmen that the fine ancient building Chen Family Temple, which was the perfect architectural art of Lingnan in history.
Village restoration of Luban Temple, and later generations praised craftsmen
Luban has been respected by craftsmen since ancient times as the “ancestor” and “father of all craftsmen”. Luban Temple in Sanshan Village is hidden in KomiksThe ancient temple complex of Aoshan in the village is connected by five ancient temples. The most distinctive of which is the ancient temple of the ancestors, which worships Luban. This temple is currently the only folk temple dedicated to “Luban” found in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. Sanshan Village still retains the traditional celebration of “Master’s Birth”.
Luban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temples is the ancient temple of the Master, namely the Luban Temple. The temple was built in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has been renovated several times. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the Master is located in the northeast and southwest, with three rooms and three entrances, covering an area of 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard mountain tops, with herringbone volcanic gable walls, gray plastic ridges, gray tube tiles, and blue brick walls. As soon as it enters, it is a pavilion pavilion with many murals. The murals are rich in content, including figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc., and their painting skills are exquisite.nybookish.com/”>KomiksZhan. The mountain gate has granite stone door frame, the stone forehead is carved with the “Xianshi Ancient Temple” and the wall fence is decorated with the “Eight Immortals in Drunk”. “In 1993, I took the villagers to rebuilt this ancient temple, and the Luban statues were all remade based on old photos. “Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the renovation, some parts were collapsed and dilapidated. “The best preserved are the murals on the wall and the street bricks on the ground. At that time, many murals were painted with white ash, and the workers carefully cleaned them, which made these exquisite murals see the light of day again. ”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw two couplets. The couplets at the back hall were “The great craftsman and high doors were all inclusive; the rules and regulations were established to Huai (the word “Huai”) and the ancient and modern”; the couplets at the front hall were “The rules determine the square and round Yi Shike followed this method, and the ink rope was divided into curves and straight crafts and used their materials well.” Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, demonstrating the connotation and professional principles of craftsmanship.
Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of the Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will spontaneously hold a master’s birthday (i.e. Luban’s birthday). If you cannot come back, the craftsmen of Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “I have a special feeling with this Luban Temple. I will come back every year. ”
Development: Selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns
Li Zhipei, chairman of Sanshan Village, said that in the past, 70% of men in the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, but now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, the construction of ancient buildings focused on slow work and meticulous work. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 blue bricks and 3 step bricks a day. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen dealing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it. “Li Zhipei said.
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian is from Sanshan Village. His father was a Shawan plasterer. He learned art from his father since he was a child and has devoted himself to studying gray plastic art for more than 50 years. His works have been used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui GardenCinema, Xishan Temple, Huanan Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a learning studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic workbench at home. My grandchildren like it very much. I can learn it as soon as I am free. ”
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
The architectural craftsman has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeship, and has never entered the school to become a discipline. However, Sanshan Village offers gray plastic courses in primary schools and kindergartens, which are popular among children.
InIn a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray-plastic work called “Eight Immortals Picture”. “This work was originally prepared to participate in the village’s Luban Festival exhibition this year, but unfortunately I didn’t get it. I missed it. It’s better to miss it. You can calm down and polish it slowly.”
While chatting with reporters, Li Guangyong held a handful of multi-head wood cone and pressed it on the gray-plastic panel, making it easier for the panel to hang clay material. “It’s not time to display this year, so I’ll wait for next year.” In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected into the second batch of national characteristic towns. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the annual “Luban Festival” in the village.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban Cultural Square to the north of the ancient temple and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit craftsmen’s works across the province to attract more young people to learn. In the future, Sanshan Village will be built into a characteristic town of craftsmen in Lingnan ancient architecture.
Inheritance: Let young craftsmen see career prospects
Zhu Qiuli said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen. Now most of them are over 50 years old in this industry, and no successor is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education and the narrow teaching of masters and apprentices has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance.”
How to solve the problem of craftsmen’s inheritance? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With the status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “Traditional architectural craftsmanship, like modern architectural decoration, must have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their career prospects.”
”As craftsmen grow old, ancient building construction technology also grows. For example, there are no good players in the market for building bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional craft for restoring ancient buildings. The bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings. It is more convenient than Babaylaniron building repair expert Ouyang Lun told reporters.
A ancient architecture expert told reporters: “Now that government departments have vigorously promoted the activities of famous craftsmen, the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the essence of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmen.”
The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional technologies and striving for excellence. Craftsman talents are the basic guarantee for restoring the original appearance of ancient buildings. Attention to craftsmen reflects respect for traditional values. Only when craftsmen have successors can these precious ancient building construction techniques and the spiritual qualities attached to them be preserved. (Xiao Guilai)
Source｜Guangzhou Daily
Editor｜Cui WenCan
Internship Editor｜He HaoxianCinema